Urethral plug assembly having adhesive for enhanced sealing capabilities and method of using said plug assembly

ABSTRACT

A novel urethral plug assembly having adhesive thereon, wherein the adhesive seals the plug assembly against an internal wall thereby arresting movement of the plug assembly while it functions in the urethra to block the flow of urine therefrom. The plug assembly may comprise a solid body which is of a sufficient diameter to occlude the urethra. Alternatively, the plug assembly may comprise a body which has the ability to change its shape from a compressed to an elongated condition so as to conform to the urethral wall and occlude the opening to the urethra. In one embodiment of the invention, the adhesive lies on the meatal plate of the plug assembly so as to secure the plug assembly against the meatus urinarius. In a second embodiment of the invention, the adhesive is on the body of the plug assembly so as to seal the plug assembly against the urethra, bladder neck or bladder wall. In a third embodiment of the invention, the adhesive is on a portion of the meatal plate so as to seal the plug assembly at the tissue surrounding the meatus urinarius. The adhesive seals the plug assembly in place until the wearer wishes to void, at which point, the seal may be broken by the exertion a downward, pulling force on the plug assembly.

CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation-in-part application ofapplication U.S. Ser. No. 08/062,592, filed May 15, 1993 and applicationU.S. Ser. No. 08/088,469 filed Jul. 7, 1993, now abandoned,both of whichare a continuation-in-part application of application U.S. Ser. No.811,571, filed Dec. 20, 1991, which is a continuation-in-partapplication of application U.S. Ser. No. 746,364, filed Aug. 16, 1991,which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 636,285,filed Dec. 31, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,424.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a urethral plug assembly having an adhesivecoating thereon, enabling it to maintain stability in urethra."Mechanical" or "Mechanically" is defined as that which operates by themotion of solid elements. "Fluid" or "Fluidly" is defined as that whichoperates without the use of solid element, but rather operates with aliquid or gaseous material.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Urinary stress incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urinewhen the pressure within the urethra exceeds the maximum urethralpressure required for maintaining closure. While the problem of urinaryincontinence occurs in men and women, it is an affliction especiallycommon in women of child bearing age and beyond.

There are in existence many methods used to address the problem ofincontinence. Bladder neck suspension surgery, wherein the neck of thebladder is reduced by suspending the bladder, is perhaps the mostdesirable way to treat incontinence, especially in younger patients.However, there are numerous risks associated with such surgery,notwithstanding the expense. For some patients, surgery is notrecommended for medical or other reasons, and for those with mildincontinence surgery is not an appropriate solution.

As an alternative to surgical correction, devices have been developed toaddress the problem of urinary incontinence. Many of these devicesrequire surgery for implantation, and of these surgically implanteddevices, there are two distinct types: non-manipulable devices andmanipulable devices. One such non-manipulable device, described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,019,499, is a capsule filled with a variable amount of fluid.The capsule is surgically implanted between supporting tissue and theurethra to exert an occluding force thereon. A similar, non-manipulablecapsule implant is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,828. However, thisdevice has ties extending therefrom to aid in fiber ingrowth, thusproviding mechanical stability to the capsule. One problem associatedwith this device is the risk of fluid leakage. In addition to problemswith leakage, severe tissue damage may result from the unnatural methodin which such devices regulate incontinence.

Other surgically implanted devices exist which are manipulable. Thesedevices provide the wearer with the ability to selectively control theoperation of the device via manually operable elements implanted in thetissue surrounding the urethra. U.S. Pat. No. 4,428,365, and U.S. Pat.No. 4,846,784 each disclose an indwelling device having an inflatablechamber with an attached tubing and an inflation bulb. The wearer maymanually adjust the pressure exhibited by the inflatable member on theurethra, simply by squeezing the tissue encasing the bulb. Thesedevices, however, often produce thickening and scarring of surroundingtissue, making their usefulness questionable. Additional adverse effectsassociated with surgically implanted indwelling devices, whethernon-manipulable or manipulable in nature, are encrustation, irritationand infection.

There are also known in the art certain indwelling devices that do notrequire surgical implantation. These devices are inserted by a physicianthrough the urethral orifice and allow the wearer to void either past orthrough the device. An example of such a device is disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,850,963 in which a physician inserts a bolus of ferromagneticmaterial through the urethra and into the bladder. The bolus rests atthe juncture of the bladder and urethra and is moved for bladderevacuation, by the relative positioning of a magnet across the body ofthe wearer. However, the bolus may become lodged in an area beyond thereaches of the magnetic force exhibited by the magnet, making the deviceinoperative. Another example of this type of indwelling device is theprestressed capsule disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,299. The capsule isinserted by a physician within the lower interior of the urethra and isset at a prestressed pressure slightly above involuntary pressure. Whenthe urine pressure exceeds the preset pressure of the capsule, thecapsule deforms allowing urine to flow around the device. This device,however, has no feature to prevent migration of the device into thebladder. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,553,533 there is shown a prosthetic urethralsphincter valve which is placed in the urethra and anchored in thebladder. The patient increases his bladder pressure by means of avalsalva maneuver, and holds this pressure while the valve activates.Urine may then pass through the valve with the valve later returning toits closed position. This device is very complicated, expensive,difficult to manufacture and uncomfortable. Another physician-inserteddevice is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,797,478. This device has anexpandable collar which is inflated after insertion, by an injection offluid therein. When it is desired to remove the device, the inflatedcollar is ruptured or serrated, thus expelling the fluid into thewearer's body. Notwithstanding the cumbrous use of this device, there isa risk of infection associated with the release of injection fluid uponremoval. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,841,304 discloses a plug which isinserted by a physician into the urethra and subsequently inflated toblock the flow of urine. This device may be left in the body forextended periods. After insertion, the device merely requiresrepositioning in the urethra to permit bladder evacuation. Such a deviceleaves the wearer susceptible to infection, as bacteria may beintroduced into the urethra during repositioning, or during indwellingtime. Also, serious complications can occur upon removal, when aseparate wire must be inserted therein. These devices being indwelling,are often cumbersome to the wearer and often cause numerouscomplications such as encrustation, irritation and infection.

Also known in the art are devices capable of being inserted by thewearer into the urethra. Such devices are removed for voiding, and thenreintroduced into the urethra upon completion of bladder evacuation. Anexample of such a device is the solid-type urethral plug, described byNeilsen, Kurt K. et al., in "The Urethral Plug: A New Treatment Modalityfor Genuine Urinary Stress Incontinence in Women" J. Urology, vol. 44,p. 1100 (1990). This device consists of one or two solid spheres locatedalong a soft shaft, and a thin, soft plate located at the end of theshaft. One sphere is located upstream of the maximum urethral closingpressure point, corresponding to the location of the sphincter. In thetwo sphere embodiment, the second sphere is located with its midpoint atthe bladder neck, and is used to assist in reducing urinary flow andpressure transmission to the urethra so that the sphincter can operate.When the patient wants to evacuate the bladder, the plug is removed,evacuation occurs, and a fresh plug is inserted. One problem associatedwith this device is that the patient must have three urethral closurepressure profiles performed as well as other examinations, before thedevice is made for the wearer. Additional problems associated with thisdevice include placement difficulties, lack of sealing capabilitiesassociated therewith, inadequate retention thereby allowing expellingand inadequate anchoring by the plate at the meatus. In addition, suchproblems is the discomfort associated with insertion and removal, due tothe size profile and rigidity of the spheres, which maintain a constantdiameter during insertion, and removal. Another "remove-to-void" deviceis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,424, which comprises a conformableurethral plug. The body of the plug forms a cavity which is in fluidcommunication with another cavity via a check-valve. Thus, fluid may bepumped into the cavity within the urethra to provide a custom fit. Thisdevice, like many others relying on liquids or gels for expansion,relies heavily on a fluid-tight valve in order to maintain retention.Should valve failure occur, evacuation would immediately follow. Thereis also a chance of fluid leakage into the body of the wearer shouldrupture of the plug occur.

There are also known in the art certain external devices that do notrequire insertion into the urethra. Urine absorbing pads have beendeveloped to collect and absorb urine as it flows out of the body. Suchpads have difficulty retaining a stationary position and often lackeffectiveness in preventing leakage. An example of an external device inwhich such problems have been addressed is the urine absorbing paddisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,074,855. This device employs adhesive tosecure a pad to the vestibule such that urine is absorbed as it isexpelled from the body. However, there are many disadvantages associatedwith such a device. Urine buildup in the urethra creating anuncomfortable sensation for the wearer is-one such disadvantage.Additionally, due to the structure and function of such a device, thereis nothing to increase urethral resistance to urine flow. Moreover, assuch a pad is designed only to be worn externally, it is subject tomigration in the course of one's daily movement and activities, evenwith the use of adhesive given the friction associated withundergarments contacting the pad. Migration as such, increases thelikelihood of accidents and leakage. Although this pad attempts to sealand absorb urine at the meatus, the meatus is not physiologicallyblocked thus the wearer is susceptible to discomfort and leakage. Thisdevice, given its structure and composition, would not be effectiveinternally due to the differing physiological conditions present in theurethra, bladder neck or bladder, where internal conditions such as hightemperature and moisture levels exist.

As evidenced by the above discussion, problems associated with thestability of urinary incontinence devices have not been adequatelyaddressed in the prior art. Prior art devices have focused solely onsizing a device such that the urethra is occluded, without addressingthe need for enhancing the retention and sealing capabilities of suchdevices.

In view of the above problems associated with the prior art, an easilymanipulable, "remove-to-void", indwelling urethral plug assembly havingenhanced retention and sealing capabilities would be desirable to thoseafflicted with urinary incontinence.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One object of the invention is to improve the degree of retention of aurethral plug assembly in the urethra.

A further object of the invention is to enhance the sealing ability of aurethral plug assembly with the urethral, bladder neck, or bladder wall.

Another object of the invention is to enhance the sealing ability of aurethral plug assembly at the urethral meatus, such that migration intothe bladder will not occur.

Another object of the invention is to prevent slippage of the urethralplug assembly while disposed in the urethra.

Another object of the invention is to continuously block the flow ofurine in the event of malfunction of the plug assembly.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the risk of contaminationto the wearer of a urethral plug assembly.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a device which iseasily used by the wearer.

Another object of the invention is to increase the urethral resistanceto urine flow through the urethra.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method forcontrolling urinary incontinence.

These and other objects of the invention are carried out by a novelurethral plug assembly having adhesive thereon, wherein the adhesiveseals the plug against the meatus urinarius, or alternatively, theurethral, bladder neck or bladder wall. The plug may comprise a solidbody which is of a sufficient diameter to allow occlusion of the urethrato prevent incontinence. Alternatively, the plug may comprise a bodywhich has the ability to change its shape. One such plug assembly maycomprise a member comprising a body having a lumen for accepting fluidfrom an external syringe, and delivering such to a fluidly inflatableballoon. The fluid may be a liquid or gel, or air. Such a plug is to beinserted while the balloon is in a non-inflated position. Afterinsertion, fluid can be introduced into the lumen via a syringe, fromwhere it travels through a valve to inflate and distend the balloonthereby occluding the urethra, bladder neck or bladder. Another type ofplug assembly may comprise a mechanically expandable housing andcooperating inner member, lying in coaxial engagement and possessing acontracted diameter for insertion and removal through the orifice of theurethra, and a larger, expanded diameter for blocking the flow of urinein the urethra, bladder neck and bladder. A larger diameter is achievedby mechanical deployment of the inner member resulting in a change inthe shape of the housing. This change in shape causes the externalsurface to expand, which seals the plug assembly to the urethral,bladder neck or bladder wall. Alternatively, the plug may comprise acondition-responsive expandable member having the ability to possess anexpanded condition when exposed to a physiological condition such asbody temperature, moisture, or pH. The adaptation of the conditionresponsive plug to the expanded condition occurs automatically withoutactuation of the plug by the wearer.

In each of the above plug assemblies, the portion of the plug thatfunctions to block the flow of urine is the body, and the portion of theplug that serves to anchor the plug at the meatus urinarius, is themeatal plate. Removal of the plug assembly for bladder evacuation, iseasily accomplished by either pulling a cord causing the contraction ofthe plug assembly and/or grasping a tab associated with said meatalplate. The meatal plate serves to prevent migration of the plug assemblyinto the bladder.

In one embodiment of the invention, an adhesive layer lies on the meatalplate so as to secure the plug against the meatus urinarius. In a secondembodiment of the invention, an adhesive layer lies on the body of theplug so as to seal the plug against the urethra, bladder neck or bladderwall. In a third embodiment of the invention, an adhesive layer lies onthe outer circumference of the meatal plate so as to seal the plugagainst the tissue surrounding the meatus urinarius. These and otheradvantages will be better appreciated from the detailed description thatfollows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a solid urethral plug having adhesive on the meatal plate.

FIG. 2A shows a fluidly expandable urethral plug assembly havingadhesive on its meatal plate, in a deflated state.

FIG. 2B shows a fluidly expandable urethral plug assembly havingadhesive on its meatal plate, in an inflated state.

FIG. 3A shows a mechanically expandable urethral plug assembly havingadhesive on its meatal plate, in a contracted state.

FIG. 3B shows a mechanically expandable urethral plug assembly havingadhesive on its meatal plate, in an expanded state.

FIG. 4A shows a condition-responsive, expandable urethral plug assemblyhaving adhesive on its meatal plate in an elongated state.

FIG. 4B shows a condition-responsive, expandable urethral plug assemblyhaving adhesive on its meatal plate in an expanded state.

FIG. 5 shows a urethral plug assembly having adhesive on a portion ofits body.

FIG. 6 shows a urethral plug assembly having adhesive on a portion ofthe meatal plate.

FIG. 7A shows an cross section along line A--A of the body of each ofthe urethral plug assemblies.

FIG. 7B shows an alternative cross section along line A--A of the bodyof each of the urethral plug assemblies.

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the meatal plate of each of theurethral plug assemblies.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring first to FIG. 1, shown is a solid plug assembly 1, having abody 2 sized to allow occlusion of the urethra following insertion. Ameatal plate 4 is disposed at the distal end of the body which preventsmigration of the plug assembly 1 into the bladder. The meatal plate 4 isa flanged type member, having a tab 5 which prevents migration of theplug assembly 1 into the bladder and aids in removal of the plugassembly 1 when the wearer wishes to void. The meatal plate 4 anchorsthe plug assembly 1 at the meatus urinarius. To carry out this functionof anchoring, the meatal plate 4 is of a thickness sufficient towithstand bodily compression during wear, preferably on the order of onemillimeter or greater. On the meatal plate 4, is a layer of adhesive 6,preferably a hydrogel adhesive. This layer 6 seals the meatal plate 4 atthe meatus urinarius after insertion of the plug into the urethra,thereby ensuring a firm and secure placement of the plug assembly 1. Astring 8 extends from the body for removal of the plug assembly 1 afterinsertion. Alternatively, removal may be carried out by the tab 5, aring (not shown), or another removal member may be adapted to extendfrom the body 2. Line A--A represents the cross sectional view of thebody 2, which will be discussed further with reference to FIGS. A and7B.

The operation of the plug assembly 1 is such that upon insertion, theurethral wall conforms thereto, via an automatic reflex motion. Themeatal plate 4, anchoring the plug assembly 1 at the meatus urinariusfurther provides a seal therewith, via the adhesive layer 6. This sealprevents slippage of the assembly 1 from its position in the urethra,thereby ensuring continuous blockage of urine. Note that the adhesivelayer 6, although shown to be continuous, may be discontinuous dependingon the degree of adhesion desired.

FIG. 2A shows a fluidly expandable urethral plug assembly 100 in adeflated state. The plug assembly 100 has a body 102 with a meatal plate104 on its distal end, and an expandable balloon 116 at its proximalend. The body 102 wall is relatively constant in outer diameter allowingthe device to be easily inserted. The meatal plate 104, as in theembodiment of FIG. 1 has a layer of adhesive 106 thereon. The internalportion of the body 102 of the plug assembly defines a lumen 108, afirst cavity 111, and a valve seat 113. The fluid responsible forinflating balloon 116 is introduced from an external syringe 110 adaptedto be inserted in the first cavity 111. The fluid can be any fluidcapable of being pumped from the syringe 110 with sufficient force todisplace a ball 115 resting against valve seat 113. The meatal plate 104and tab 105, like the meatal plate 104 as previously discussed in theabove embodiment, is adapted to anchor the urethral plug assembly 100 atthe meatus urinarius. The layer of adhesive 106 lies on the meatal plate104 so as to form a seal with the meatus after insertion.

FIG. 2B shows the urethral plug assembly 100 after the fluid has beenpumped into the balloon 116, such that the plug assembly 100 is in aninflated state. Inflation is carried out by inserting syringe 110 intothe plug assembly 100 so that it lies within the first cavity 111. Fluidis then expelled from the syringe 110 for travel through the firstcavity 111 to the valve seat 113, whereby the force of the fluid pushesthe ball 115 off the valve seat 113 thereby providing a continuous flowpath from the first cavity 111 to the lumen 108. The fluid thus travelsfreely from syringe 110 through the valve seat opening 112 and intolumen 108. The fluid then continues to travel out of the opening 114 oflumen 108, whereupon it inflates the balloon 116. When the balloon 116is inflated, the expulsion of fluid from syringe 110 may be terminatedand the syringe 110 removed. At this point, the ball 115 falls backagainst valve seat 113 to occlude valve seat opening 112, thus closingsuch opening 112 off from external fluid entry or exit. Thus the fluidcontained in the balloon 116 functions to maintain the plug assembly inits inflated state for urine blockage. When it is desired to remove theplug assembly, the wearer deflates the balloon 116 by simply pulling onthe cord 117 attached to the ball 115, causing the ball 115 to dislodgeand pass from the valve seat opening 112 toward the distal end of theplug assembly 100. Although such action results in the expulsion offluid from the balloon 116, the seal between the plug assembly 100 andthe meatus remains intact due to the adhesive 106 on the plate 104,which continues to block the flow of urine. The wearer may thencomfortably remove the plug assembly 100 as the diameter thereof isreduced. Removal is accomplished by a continuous tug on the tab 105,which serves to break the seal and disengage the meatal plate 104 fromthe meatus.

FIG. 3A like FIG. 2A, shows an expandable plug assembly 200 also havinga layer of adhesive 206 on its meatal plate 204. Plug assembly 200, hasa body 202 comprised of a hollow, cylindrical tube which is sized to beeasily inserted through the orifice of the urethra. The tube 202 is madefrom a biocompatible material having characteristics of compressibility.Attached on the periphery thereof either by thermal bonding, laminatingor other means, is a balloon 208 which is adapted to rest against thetube 202. At the distal end of the tube is a meatal plate 204 having atab 205. The meatal plate 204, like the meatal plates previouslydiscussed, is adapted to anchor the urethral plug assembly 200 at themeatus urinarius. A layer of adhesive 206 lies on the meatal plate 204so as to form a seal with the meatus after insertion. Referring again toFIG. 1, enclosed within the tube is a support rod 210, which may be ahollow or a solid member. The support rod 210 has a bulb 212 at one endthereof, abutting the proximal end of the tube. The bulb 212 functionsto hold the support rod within the tube. The support rod 212 has a cord214 attached at its end opposite the bulb 212, which extends through thetube 202 and beyond the meatal plate 204, thus ensuring that a wearerwill always be able to reach the cord 214. On the cord 214 there ispreferably formed a knot 216. Although the knot 216 has been used, theattachment of any member having a diameter greater than ball retentionsocket 218 in meatal plate 206 would suffice. The support rod 210 isformed of a biocompatible material, the tube 202 is preferably formed ofa biocompatible thermoplastic material and the balloon 208 is preferablya biocompatible thermoplastic elastomer, such as that sold under thetrademark KRATON. However, any biocompatible material may be used foreach of the aforementioned elements, as the invention is not to belimited to those named above. Line A--A represents the cross sectionalview of the tube, which will be discussed further with reference toFIGS. 7A and 7B.

The operation of the plug assembly 200 is described in connection withFIG. 3B. A user inserts the plug assembly 200 while it is in acontracted configuration. Once the plug assembly 200 has been inserted,the meatal plate 204 abuts the meatus urinarius and the adhesive layer206 forms a seal with the meatus. At this point, the plug assembly 200may be deployed by the wearer, whereupon it achieves an expandedconfiguration. To deploy, the wearer pulls on the cord 214 dependingfrom the support rod 210. By pulling on cord 214, a downward force isexerted on the cord 214 in the vertical direction, forcing the supportrod 210 to slide downwardly in the tube 202 and exert a compressiveforce against the proximal end of the outer tube 202. The tube 202 thusexpands outwardly in the horizontal direction, causing the balloon 208to expand until the balloon 208 forms a seal with the wall of theurethra, bladder neck or bladder. The wearer then secures the cord 216by sliding it through a slit in the ball retention socket 218 located onthe meatal plate 204. This causes the knot 216 to act as a stop, as theknot 216 rests within the socket 218, thereby preventing the tube 202from returning to its contracted state. The expansion of the tube 202serves to block the flow of urine as the balloon 208 forms a seal withthe urethral, bladder neck or bladder wall. The placement of the plugassembly 200 is further retained in this position by the seal formed bythe adhesive layer 206 on the meatal plate 204 with the meatus.

The plug assembly 200 in an expanded form, functions to block the flowof urine from the body. When the wearer wishes to remove the plugassembly 200, a simple tug on the cord 214 in a direction away from thesocket 218 will cause the knot 216 to be released therefrom, thuscausing the tube 202 to retract. The tube 202 thereby returns to itsoriginal diameter prior to insertion, making plug removal a comfortabletask. Thus, the tube 202 and balloon 208 cooperatively provide anexpandable housing and the plug includes means for mechanicallyexpanding the housing and selectively returning the housing to itsnon-expanded condition. The seal between the adhesive layer 206 on themeatal plate 204 and the meatus, is then broken by the continuousdownward pulling of the cord 214. At this point, the plug assembly maybe removed and bladder evacuation may occur.

Referring now to FIG. 4A, a plug assembly 300 is shown, which ispreferably formed of a biocompatible thermoplastic material. In apreferred embodiment, the plug 300 is made of a tube 302 of knownpolyurethane-based polymer which provides the plug 300 with shapememory. The unique characteristic of the plastic polymer is itsautomatically triggered shape memory, which allows the tube constructedof the shape memory polymer to be inserted into the urethra in arelatively compressed and elongated state, and regain a useful shape inresponse to a selected transition temperature, that being bodytemperature. The shape memory material however, may alternativelycomprise a hydrophillic material (not shown) capable of expanding inresponse to moisture or pH gradations. Like the above embodiments, thetube 302 terminates in a meatal plate 304 which has a layer of adhesive306 thereon. For purposes of illustration only, the ability of plugassembly 300 to expand due to changes in temperature, will be discussed.

When the urethral plug shown in FIG. 4A is subjected to a transitiontemperature, the relatively rigid plug 300 changes to a second conditionin which it is flexible and easily deformable. The plug 300 is nowpliable and, remembering its "mold shape plug", able to expandsignificantly in diameter to conform to the shape of the wearer'surethra. The expansion results in the formation of a tight seal betweenthe urethra, bladder neck or bladder wall and the plug 300. The adhesivelayer 306 also forms a seal between the plug 300 and the meatus. Thusthe plug 300 is retained in the urethra to block the flow of urine.

In accordance with the above discussion, the operation of the plug isdiscussed in reference to FIG. 4B. The user inserts the urethral plug300 of the present invention into the urethra while it is in itscompressed and elongated state. The plug 300 is inserted until themeatal plate 304 abuts the meatus urinarius. At this point the layer ofadhesive 306 on the meatal plate 304 forms a seal with the meatusurinarius. The plug 300, now lying in the urethra, is exposed to theheightened temperature of the human body. The temperature increasecauses the shape memory polymer comprising the tube 302 to automaticallyexpand outwardly and achieve a protrusion to conform to the size andshape of the wearer's urethra. The shape memory polymer is able tofreely adapt and conform to its environment, the urethra, as it is onlycapable of expanding and conforming to the environment into which it isplaced; it is incapable of exerting a resistive force by itself. Thisimportant characteristic of the shape memory polymer preventsdisplacement of the urethra, bladder neck or bladder by the shape memorypolymer material.

As urine accumulates in the bladder, pressure from the accumulatingurine builds until the bladder is sufficiently full to exert a downwardforce on the urine in the bladder neck and urethra. The downward forcein turn bears down on the proximal portion of the expanded member of theplug 300, furthering the diametrical expansion of the proximal portionof the member. The expansion of the plug, in its expanded form, providesa tight seal with the wall of the urethra, bladder neck or bladder toretain the plug in the wearer's body. When the wearer wishes to removethe plug to void, a continuous tug on tab 305 of the meatal plate 304will cause the rubbery, diametrically expanded member to elongate, andwill break the seal formed between the adhesive layer 306 on the meatalplate 304 and the meatus. The tube 302 is then returned to a smallerdiameter and is simply withdrawn from the body. Other means for removalof the plug is contemplated, such as but not limited to, a pullingmeans, such as a cord or ring (not shown), whereby the plug is simplyremoved by pulling on a cord attached to the plug. The ease with whichthe shape memory polymer plug allows removal prevents discomfortpotentially associated with plug removal.

FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention with a urethralplug assembly 400 having an adhesive layer 406 on a portion of its body402. For purposes of example only, the solid plug of FIG. 1 will beemployed to illustrate this embodiment. Note, however, that the use ofan adhesive layer as shown in this figure is to be applied to all of theaforementioned plug assemblies. In contrast with the plug assembly ofFIG. 1, this plug assembly may or may not have an adhesive layer on themeatal plate 404. Instead, an adhesive layer 406 is found on a portionof the body 402 of the plug assembly 400, or, alternatively, withreference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, may be found on a balloon attached to thebody. The adhesive layer located in such position, secures the placementof the plug assembly 400 in the urethra. Upon insertion of the plugassembly 400 into the urethra, the adhesive layer 406 bonds with theurethral, bladder neck or bladder wall, such that the walls conform tothe plug assembly 400. This results in a tight sealing effect, such thatthe plug assembly 400 is prevented from moving in any direction.Moreover, with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 2B and 3B, should theexpansion of balloon 116 or tube 202, respectively, no longer functionin the expanded state while placed in the urethra, due to valve ormechanical failure, the seal provided between a portion of the plugassembly and the urethra, bladder or bladder neck remains intact. If thewearer wishes to void, removal is carried out in much the same manner asin the above embodiments. The tab 405 of the meatal plate 404, and/orthe string 408 associated with the plug is grasped and pulled downward,which serves to break the seal formed between the portion of the bodyand the urethral, bladder neck or bladder wall. Note that although thisfigure shows a continuous layer of adhesive 406, such a layer may bediscontinuous, spotty or uneven, depending upon the degree of adhesiondesired.

FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, and forpurposes of illustration only, the solid plug of FIG. 1 is shown forthis embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment a urethral plugassembly 500 has a meatal plate 504 with a layer of adhesive 506thereon. The adhesive layer 506 is positioned on the meatal plate 504 soas to seal the plug assembly 500 with the tissue surrounding the meatus.As shown, the adhesive layer 506 lies on a the outer circumferentialportion of the meatal plate 504, such that a space 510 exists betweenthe adhesive layer 506 and the body 502 of the plug assembly 500, thespace 510 being free of adhesive. The plug assembly 500 with theadhesive layer 506 so positioned, functions to seal the plug at adistance from the meatus urinarius. When the wearer wishes to void,removal is carried out in much the same manner as in the aboveembodiments. The tab 505 of the meatal plate 504, and/or the string 508is grasped and pulled downward, which serves to break the seal formedbetween a portion of the meatal plate 504 and the tissue surrounding themeatus urinarius. As with the aforementioned embodiments, note thatalthough this figure shows a continuous layer of adhesive 506, such alayer may be discontinuous, spotty or uneven, depending upon the degreeof adhesion desired. Moreover, this embodiment may optionally include alayer of adhesive on the body 502 of the plug assembly 500.

FIG. 7A shows a cross-sectional view of the urethral plug assembly alongline A--A of the preferred embodiments set forth above. Body 602 isrepresentative of elements 2, 102, 202, 302, 402 and 502 of theaforementioned plug assemblies, and as shown, is of a constant diameter.FIG. 7B shows an alternative embodiment of the urethral plug assembly,along line A--A. As shown, the diameter of body 702 is not constant butvariant as shown by the curved indentations 704 on the periphery. Theindentations 704 provide enhanced surface area by which the plugassembly may more readily adapt to the urethral, bladder neck or bladderwall. Such enhanced sealing ability of the plug assembly, provides abetter fit for the wearer.

FIG. 8 shows a bottom perspective view of the meatal plate 804, which isthe same as meatal plates 4, 104, 204, 304, 404, and 504, respectivelydiscussed in the aforementioned embodiments. A portion of the meatalplate 804 is extended so as to form a tab 805 which may be grasped bythe wearer for ease of removal. The meatal plate 804 may additionallyhave a ball retention socket 809 and slit 811 formed therein,particularly with respect to FIG. 3B so as to aid in maintaining theplug's expanded configuration.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that various changes in form, composition anddetail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scopeof the invention. Thus, any modification to the shape, configurationand/or composition of the elements comprising the invention is withinthe scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A remove-to-void urethral plug having enhancedsealing capabilities comprising:a non-expandable body for internallyoccluding the urethra, said body having a substantially constant crosssection, a meatal plate attached to said body, having a layer ofadhesive thereon for anchoring said meatal plate to the urethral meatus,whereby said anchoring by said adhesive, enhances a seal of said body tothe urethral wall such that movement of the plug is arrested.
 2. Amethod of using a urethral plug having enhanced sealingcapabilities;providing a urethral plug comprising a body having anexpandable portion adapted to expand in response to a stimulus externalto said plug, said body having a layer of adhesive thereon, insertingsaid urethral plug into the urethra of a wearer, in a position such thatit blocks the flow of urine, introducing a stimulus to said urethralplug, causing said expandable portion to expand in response thereto,sealing said body against the meatus urinarius, urethra, bladder neck,or bladder wall via said adhesive, retaining said expandable portion inplace through said layer of adhesive, without the movement or slippagethereof from said position until the wearer wishes to void.
 3. A methodof using a urethral plug according to claim 2, further comprisinganchoring said urethral plug at the urethral meatus.
 4. A method ofusing a urethral plug according to claim 2, further comprising removingsaid urethral plug to void the bladder.
 5. The method of using aurethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilities according to claim 2further comprising, providing a meatal plate at an end of said bodyopposite the end having the expandable portion, said meatal plateadapted to anchor the plug to the meatus urinarius.
 6. The method ofusing a urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilities according toclaim 5 further comprising, providing adhesive on said meatal plate soas to seal said meatal plate to the meatus urinarius.
 7. The method ofusing a urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilities according toclaim 2, wherein said stimulus comprises the introduction of fluidthrough said body to expand said expandable portion.
 8. The method ofusing a urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilities according toclaim 2, wherein said stimulus comprises the introduction of amechanical force on said body to expand said expandable portion.
 9. Aremove-to-void device for controlling urinary incontinence comprising:abody having an expandable portion at one end, which is capable ofexpanding upon introduction of fluid, to form a plug, which when placedin a urethra through the natural opening thereof, and expanded, providesa urine-impermeable barrier to the flow of urine, which can only permitthe passage of urine from the bladder by removal of the device, saidbody further having adhesive disposed thereon to anchor the body againsta wall of the urethra, bladder neck or bladder, means for transmittingfluid into the interior of said expandable portion of said device, froma source external to said device, to enable said expandable portion toexpand upon the introduction of fluid from the source, said expandableportion having a hollow interior, which hollow interior is in fluidcommunication with an opening in said body, on the end of the bodyopposite the end which has said expandable portion, said body defining alumen fluidly coupling the opening and the hollow interior, a valve inthe lumen preventing flow of the fluid from the expandable portion untilflow of the fluid from the expandable portion is desired by the user,means for exerting a force on said valve to open said valve to allowdeflation of the expandable portion when desired, and to enable thedevice to be removed in order to void.
 10. The remove-to-void urethralplug according to claim 9, said adhesive comprising hydrogel adhesive.11. The remove-to -void urethral plug according to claim 9, furthercomprising a means for anchoring at an end of the body opposite the endwhich has said expandable portion, whereby when the body is placed inthe urethra, bladder neck or bladder, said means for anchoring abuts theurethral meatus.
 12. The remove-to-void urethral plug according to claim11, whereby said adhesive is disposed on said means for anchoring toseal said means for anchoring at the urethral meatus.
 13. Theremove-to-void urethral plug for controlling urinary incontinenceaccording to claim 9, said adhesive being disposed on said expandableportion.
 14. The remove-to-void urethral plug for controlling urinaryincontinence according to claim 9, said body further having curvedindentations on the periphery thereof.
 15. A remove-to-void device forblocking unwanted flow of urine comprising an expandable member, saidmember comprising a plastic polymer possessing a first shape prior toinsertion into a human body, said first shape being insufficient in sizeand volume to form a plug to block the flow of urine, and a second shapefollowing insertion into a human body, said second shape being inresponse to the environment of the urethra, bladder neck or bladder,said second shape forming a urine-impermeable plug, saidurine-impermeable plug being of sufficient size and volume so as toremain in place against the walls of the urethra, bladder neck, orbladder while blocking the flow of urine, such that in said first shapesaid member is adapted too be configured in its non-expanded dispositionand in said second shape said member is adapted to be configured in itsexpanded disposition, said member further having adhesive disposedthereon so as to seal said member against a wall of the urethral meatus,urethra, bladder neck or bladder.
 16. The remove-to-void deviceaccording to claim 15, said adhesive further comprising hydrogeladhesive.
 17. The remove-to-void device according to claim 15, saidmember further comprising a means for anchoring disposed at one end ofsaid member, whereby when the member is placed in the urethra, bladderneck or bladder, said means for anchoring abuts the urethral meatus. 18.The remove-to-void device according to claim 17, whereby said adhesiveis disposed on said means for anchoring so as to seal said means foranchoring at the meatus urinarius.
 19. The remove-to-void deviceaccording to claim 15, said member further having curved indentations onthe periphery thereof.
 20. A plug assembly for use in the urethra tocontrol urinary incontinence comprising:a housing adapted to be insertedinto the natural opening of a wearer, said housing having adhesivedisposed thereon to anchor said housing to the urethral meatus, urethra,bladder neck or bladder wall, means for mechanically changing the shapeof said housing upon insertion into the natural opening, means forreversing the changing of the shape of said housing, so that the wearermay remove said housing from the natural urethral opening and effectbladder evacuation.
 21. A plug assembly for use in the urethra tocontrol urinary incontinence according to claim 20, said adhesivefurther comprising hydrogel adhesive.
 22. The plug assembly for use inthe urethra to control urinary incontinence according to claim 20, saidhousing further comprising a means for anchoring at one end thereof,such that when the housing is placed in the urethra, bladder neck orbladder, said means for anchoring abuts the urethral meatus.
 23. Theplug assembly for use in the urethra to control urinary incontinenceaccording to claim 22, said means for anchoring having adhesive disposedthereon to seal said means for anchoring at the urethral meatus.
 24. Theplug assembly for use in the urethra to control urinary incontinenceaccording to claim 20, said housing further having curved indentationson the periphery thereof.
 25. A method of using urethral plug havingenhanced sealing capabilities;providing a urethral plug comprising abody having an expandable portion adapted to expand in response to astimulus, said body having a layer of adhesive thereon, inserting saidurethral plug into the urethra of a wearer, in a position such that itblocks the flow of urine, introducing a stimulus to said urethral plug,causing said expandable portion to expand in response thereto, sealingsaid body against the meatus urinarius, urethra, bladder neck, orbladder wall via said adhesive. retaining said expandable portion inplace through said layer of adhesive, without the movement or slippageof said expandable portion from said position until the wearer wishes tovoid.
 26. The method of using a urethral plug according to claim 25,whereby said stimulus is the introduction of a temperature greater thanthe temperature of said urethral plug causing the expansion of saidexpandable portion.
 27. A urethral plug having enhanced sealingcapabilities comprising:a body adapted to expand for internallyoccluding the urethra having a layer of adhesive disposed thereon, ameatal plate for anchoring said body to the urethral meatus, wherebysaid adhesive retains said body against the wall of the urethra, bladderneck, or bladder such that movement of the plug is arrested.
 28. Aurethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilities comprising:a bodyadapted to expand after insertion into a urethra for internallyoccluding the urethra, a meatal plate for anchoring said body to theurethral meatus, said meatal plate having a discontinuous layer ofadhesive thereon, whereby said adhesive anchors said meatal plate at themeatus such that movement of the plug is arrested.
 29. A method of usinga urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilitiescomprising:providing a non-expandable body having a substantiallyconstant cross section, and being adapted to internally occlude theurethra, providing a meatal plate attached to said body, having a layerof adhesive thereon for anchoring said meatal plate to the urethralmeatus, whereby said anchoring by said adhesive, enchances a seal ofsaid body to the urethral wall such that movement of the plug isarrested.
 30. A urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilitiescomprising:a non-expandable body adapted to internally occlude theurethra having a layer of adhesive disposed thereon, a meatal plate foranchoring said body to the urethral meatus, whereby said adhesiveretains said body against the wall of the urethra, bladder neck, orbladder such that movement of the plug is arrested.
 31. A method ofusing a urethral plug having enhanced sealing capabilitiescomprising:providing a non-expandable body adapted to internally occludethe urethra having a layer of adhesive disposed thereon, providing ameatal plate attached to said body, for anchoring said meatal plate tothe urethral meatus, whereby said adhesive retains said body against thewall of the urethra, bladder neck, or bladder, such that movement of theplug is arrested.